IoT (Internet of Things) and sensor data models play a crucial role in enabling efficient data collection, analysis, and decision-making processes. By connecting various devices and sensors to the internet, IoT allows for real-time monitoring and data gathering from physical environments. Sensor data models provide a standardized framework for organizing and structuring the data generated by these sensors, making it easier to interpret and derive insights. This data can be utilized in a multitude of applications, such as optimizing industrial processes, enhancing infrastructure management, improving healthcare systems, and enabling smart cities. With IoT and sensor data models, businesses and organizations can harness the power of data-driven insights to make informed decisions, streamline operations, and drive innovation in an increasingly interconnected world.
OGC Standards
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international consortium that develops and promotes geospatial standards. A full list is available at https://www.ogc.org/standards/
Here are some of the standard data models, schemas, and data classification systems provided by OGC for sensors:
Sensor Model Language
Acronym: SensorML
Organisation responsible: OGC
Official web page: https://www.ogc.org/standard/sensorml/
Description: The primary focus of the Sensor Model Language (SensorML) is to provide a robust and semantically-tied means of defining processes and processing components associated with the measurement and post-measurement transformation of observations.
Current Version: 2.1
Schema location: http://schemas.opengis.net/sensorML/
Standard: Not applicable
Type of data: XML
Primary purpose : Structured data exchange
API available: Not available
License details: Open data
Data model (Power BI): Available on request
Acronym: SPS
Organisation responsible: OGC
Official web page: https://www.ogc.org/standard/sps/
Description: The Sensor Planning Service Interface Standard (SPS) defines interfaces for queries that provide information about the capabilities of a sensor and how to task the sensor.
Current Version: 2.0
Schema location: http://schemas.opengis.net/sps/2.0/
Standard: Not applicable
Type of data: XML
Primary purpose : Structured data exchange
API available: Not available
License details: Open data
Data model (Power BI): Available on request
Sensor Observation Service
Acronym: Not applicable
Organisation responsible: OGC
Official web page: https://www.ogc.org/standard/sos/
Description: The SOS standard is applicable to use cases in which sensor data needs to be managed in an interoperable way.
Current Version: 2.0
Schema location: http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/
Standard: Not applicable
Type of data: SOAP
Primary purpose : Structured data exchange
API available: Not available
License details: Open data
Data model (Power BI): Available on request
OGC SensorThings API
Acronym: Not applicable
Organisation responsible: OGC
Official web page: https://www.ogc.org/standard/sensorml/
Description: The OGC SensorThings API provides an open, geospatial-enabled and unified way to interconnect the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data, and applications over the Web.
Current Version: 1.1
Schema location: Not applicable
Standard: Not applicable
Type of data: XML
Primary purpose : Structured data exchange
API available: Not available
License details: Open data
Data model (Power BI): Available on request
OneM2M
Acronym: OneM2M
Organisation responsible: It is a global partnership initiative between eight of the world’s preeminent standards development organizations: ARIB (Japan), ATIS (U.S.), CCSA (China), ETSI (Europe), TIA (U.S.), TSDSI (India), TTA (Korea), and TTC (Japan) together with industry fora and consortia (Global Platform) to develop specifications that ensure the most efficient deployment of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications systems and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Official web page: https://www.onem2m.org/
Description: It is a global standard for IoT service platforms, enabling interoperability between IoT devices and applications. It includes a common data model for sensor data and defines various protocols for communication.
Current Version: Release 5
Schema location: https://www.onem2m.org/technical/published-specifications
Standard: Not applicable
Type of data: Various
Primary purpose : Various
API available: Available here
License details: Open standard
Data model (Power BI): Not available
Fiware NGSI
Acronym: Fiware NGSI
Organisation responsible: It is a global partnership initiative between eight of the world’s preeminent standards development organizations: ARIB (Japan), ATIS (U.S.), CCSA (China), ETSI (Europe), TIA (U.S.), TSDSI (India), TTA (Korea), and TTC (Japan) together with industry fora and consortia (Global Platform) to develop specifications that ensure the most efficient deployment of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications systems and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Official web page: https://www.etsi.org/
Description: It is an open standard for context data management in IoT applications. It provides a common data model called the NGSI-LD (Linked Data) that represents entities and their attributes, including sensor data.
Current Version: 1.6.1
Schema location: https://www.fiware.org/catalogue/
Standard: https://www.etsi.org/committee/cim
Type of data: RDF, RDFS, OWL, JSON, JSON-LD, HTTP, URI
Primary purpose : Structured data exchange / Structured data storage
API available: Available here
License details: Open standard
Data model (Power BI): Not available
ISA-95
Acronym: ISA-95
Organisation responsible: International Society of Automation
Official web page: https://www.etsi.org/
Description: It is an open standard for context data management in IoT applications. It provides a common data model called the NGSI-LD (Linked Data) that represents entities and their attributes, including sensor data.
Current Version: ANSI/ISA-95.00.08-2020
Schema location: Not available
Standard: https://www.isa.org/store?query=isa95
Type of data: Various
Primary purpose : Structured data exchange / Structured data storage
API available: Not available
License details: License costs here
Data model (Power BI): Not available